Buildings are acoustically characterized with precision sound equipment. A sound stimulus is generated by a loudspeaker and the response is received by a microphone. Usually, the loudspeaker and microphone are positioned at the musician and audience position, respectively. An impulse function is defined from the stimulus and response functions using Fourier Transforms and Inverse Fourier Transforms. The Impulse Response Function is used to diagnose the venue. It's equivalent to the echo pattern that would be received by the microphone if an infinitely sharp spike of sound were generated by the loudspeaker. In practice, a tone burst of rising pitch, called a chirp, is used as a stimulus.

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