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Positional Number Systems
We were introduced to positional number systems a long time ago, it's just that most of us were not aware of it at the time.
We learned the ten digits, 0 through 9, and also noted that whoever was in charge of these things had graciously seen fit to
give us one finger per digit (although this little miracle doesn't come close to making up for that Hollywood Henderson winning
the lottery thing). We also learned that we could represent numbers of infinite size simply by appending more digits to the left.
Each digit assumes a value of 10 times that of its neighbor to the right, allowing us to, in theory, keep up with how much of our
money our political servants have squandered. The actual value of a digit depends on its position in the number, the definition
of a positional number system. We generically refer to the number of digits as the base or radix, 10 digits is base 10, 2 digits
is base 2, 8 digits is base 8, and so on and so on. Since professionals are paid in proportion to the obscurity of the language
used to describe their activities (which explains why doctors and lawyers still use Latin), we usually refer to base 2 as binary,
base 8 as octal, and base 16 as hexadecimal or hex.
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